Rahasia Lancar Bahasa Inggris

GRAMMARS

15.
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH (Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak Langsung)
Pengertian Direct & Indirect Speech
Dalam bahasa Inggris, perkataan seseorang dapat disampaikan dengan dua cara, yaitu:
  1. Direct Speech (kalimat langsung)
  2. Indirect Speech / Reported Speech (kalimat tidak langsung)
Direct speech mengutip perkataan asli seseorang secara langsung, sedangkan indirect speech melaporkan kembali perkataan tersebut dengan perubahan struktur kalimat.
1. DIRECT SPEECH
Pengertian
Direct Speech adalah kalimat yang mengutip kata-kata asli pembicara secara langsung.
Biasanya ditulis menggunakan tanda kutip (” “).
Contoh
Direct
He said, “I am a new student.”
Dia berkata, “Saya adalah murid baru.”
Direct
She said, “I have to go now.”
Dia berkata, “Saya harus pergi sekarang.”
Direct
Tom said, “I will visit you tomorrow.”
Tom berkata, “Saya akan mengunjungimu besok.”
Bagian dalam Direct Speech
Direct speech terdiri dari dua bagian:
1. Reporting Sentence
Kalimat yang melaporkan ucapan seseorang.
Contoh:
He said
She told me
They asked
2. Reported Sentence
Kalimat yang diucapkan oleh pembicara dan ditulis di dalam tanda kutip.
2. INDIRECT SPEECH
(Reported Speech)
Pengertian
Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang menyampaikan kembali perkataan seseorang tanpa menggunakan tanda kutip.
Biasanya menggunakan kata that.
Struktur Umum
Subject + reporting verb + that + clause
Contoh
Direct
She said, “I am tired.”
Dia berkata, “Saya lelah.”
Indirect
She said that she was tired.
Dia berkata bahwa dia lelah.
PERUBAHAN DALAM INDIRECT SPEECH
Ketika mengubah direct speech menjadi indirect speech biasanya terjadi perubahan:
  1. perubahan tenses
  2. perubahan kata ganti (pronouns)
  3. perubahan keterangan waktu dan tempat
PERUBAHAN TENSES
Jika reporting verb menggunakan past tense, maka tenses biasanya mundur satu tingkat ke bentuk lampau.
Contoh Perubahan Tense
Simple Present → Simple Past
Direct
John said, “I play football every day.”
John berkata, “Saya bermain sepak bola setiap hari.”
Indirect
John said that he played football every day.
John berkata bahwa dia bermain sepak bola setiap hari.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
Direct
She said, “I am studying English.”
Dia berkata, “Saya sedang belajar bahasa Inggris.”
Indirect
She said that she was studying English.
Dia berkata bahwa dia sedang belajar bahasa Inggris.
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
Direct
Tom said, “I have finished my work.”
Tom berkata, “Saya telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya.”
Indirect
Tom said that he had finished his work.
Tom berkata bahwa dia telah menyelesaikan pekerjaannya.
Simple Past → Past Perfect
Direct
Arman said, “I went to Bandung yesterday.”
Arman berkata, “Saya pergi ke Bandung kemarin.”
Indirect
Arman said that he had gone to Bandung the day before.
Arman berkata bahwa dia telah pergi ke Bandung sehari sebelumnya.
Simple Future → Future in the Past
Direct
Ronald said, “I will go fishing tomorrow.”
Ronald berkata, “Saya akan pergi memancing besok.”
Indirect
Ronald said that he would go fishing the following day.
Ronald berkata bahwa dia akan pergi memancing keesokan harinya.
Future in the Past → Future Perfect in the Past
Direct
Riana said, “I would make a cake.”
Riana berkata, “Saya akan membuat kue.”
Indirect
Riana said that she would have made a cake.
Riana berkata bahwa dia akan sudah membuat kue.
PERUBAHAN KETERANGAN WAKTU DAN TEMPAT
Ketika kalimat berubah menjadi indirect speech, beberapa keterangan waktu dan tempat biasanya berubah.
Tabel Perubahan
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
now then
today that day
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the following day / the next day
last week the week before
next week the following week
next month the following month
next year the following year
here there
this that
Contoh Perubahan Keterangan
Direct
He said, “I met her yesterday.”
Dia berkata, “Saya bertemu dengannya kemarin.”
Indirect
He said that he had met her the day before.
Dia berkata bahwa dia telah bertemu dengannya sehari sebelumnya.
Direct
She said, “I will finish this work today.”
Dia berkata, “Saya akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan ini hari ini.”
Indirect
She said that she would finish that work that day.
Dia berkata bahwa dia akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu hari itu.
Direct
Tom said, “I am staying here tonight.”
Tom berkata, “Saya tinggal di sini malam ini.”
Indirect
Tom said that he was staying there that night.
Tom berkata bahwa dia tinggal di sana malam itu.
INDIRECT SPEECH DALAM PERNYATAAN
(Statements)
Biasanya menggunakan kata:
  • said
  • told
Direct
Linda said, “The car is expensive.”
Linda berkata, “Mobil itu mahal.”
Indirect
Linda said that the car was expensive.
Linda berkata bahwa mobil itu mahal.
Direct
Tom said, “I bring something special for you.”
Tom berkata, “Saya membawa sesuatu yang spesial untukmu.”
Indirect
Tom said that he brought something special for me.
Tom berkata bahwa dia membawa sesuatu yang spesial untukku.
INDIRECT SPEECH DALAM PERINTAH
(Commands)
Biasanya menggunakan kata:
  • told
  • ordered
Struktur
Subject + told + object + to + verb
Direct
He said, “Call him now!”
Dia berkata, “Telepon dia sekarang!”
Indirect
He told me to call him then.
Dia menyuruhku untuk menelepon dia saat itu.
Direct
He said, “Give this book to her!”
Dia berkata, “Berikan buku ini kepadanya!”
Indirect
He told me to give the book to her.
Dia menyuruhku memberikan buku itu kepadanya.
INDIRECT SPEECH DALAM PERMOHONAN
(Requests)
Biasanya menggunakan kata:
  • asked
  • requested
Direct
He said, “Please sit down.”
Dia berkata, “Silakan duduk.”
Indirect
He asked me to sit down.
Dia memintaku untuk duduk.
Direct
She said, “Please speak English.”
Dia berkata, “Tolong berbicara bahasa Inggris.”
Indirect
She asked me to speak English.
Dia memintaku untuk berbicara bahasa Inggris.
INDIRECT SPEECH DALAM PERTANYAAN
(Questions)
Biasanya menggunakan kata:
  • asked
  • wanted to know
Direct
He said, “Where is your mother?”
Dia berkata, “Di mana ibumu?”
Indirect
He asked me where my mother was.
Dia bertanya kepadaku di mana ibuku.
Direct
She said, “How are you?”
Dia berkata, “Apa kabar?”
Indirect
She asked me how I was.
Dia bertanya kepadaku bagaimana kabarku.
Pertanyaan Yes / No
Menggunakan kata:
  • if
  • whether
Direct
He said, “Are you serious?”
Dia berkata, “Apakah kamu serius?”
Indirect
He asked me if I was serious.
Dia bertanya kepadaku apakah aku serius.
Direct
She said, “Do you speak Javanese?”
Dia berkata, “Apakah kamu bisa berbicara bahasa Jawa?”
Indirect
She asked me whether I spoke Javanese.
Dia bertanya apakah aku bisa berbahasa Jawa.
INDIRECT SPEECH DALAM KALIMAT SERU
(Exclamations)
Biasanya menggunakan kata:
  • exclaimed
  • said
Direct
He said, “How beautiful she is!”
Dia berkata, “Betapa cantiknya dia!”
Indirect
He exclaimed that she was very beautiful.
Dia berseru bahwa dia sangat cantik.
Direct
She said, “What a delicious food!”
Dia berkata, “Betapa enaknya makanan ini!”
Indirect
She exclaimed that the food was very delicious.
Dia berseru bahwa makanan itu sangat enak.